The World Coal Association reports that, “Coal provides around 30% of global primary energy needs, generates 41% of the world's electricity, and is used in the production of 70% of the world's steel.” Furthermore, as oil resources diminish, coal use as a source of liquid fuels and chemicals is expected to increase. If coal, the world’s most abundant and affordable fossil fuel, is to continue playing a vital role in improving universal living standards and economic well-being, research is required to improve coal extraction and handling methods, and to develop cost-effective coal utilization technologies with reduced environmental emissions, including those contributing to global warming. By providing an open forum for discussion, The International Pittsburgh Coal Conference wishes to promote research activities that advance the economic benefits of coal technologies while greatly reducing their environmental impact.